lecture18

Ichthyology
Spring 1999
T. Turner

Lecture 18 -- Acanthopterygii -- Percomorpha I

lecture18 Subdivision Teleostei

Infradivision Euteleostei

Series Percomorpha

Pelvic fin position
Fin spines; or benthic, cryptic lifestyle
Protractile premaxilla
Physoclistous swimbladder; if present
Absence of: otophysic connections; photophores; viviparity

Order Lampridiformes - 7 families; 19 spp.; marine

Possess a mixture of ancestral and derived traits
Lack true spines; ctenoid scales
Possess truly unique premaxilla and maxilla articulation (membranous pouch in some species), gape sizes can be enormous

Family Lampridae -- opahs

Extremely deep bodied
Occur below 100 m, feed on fish, squid, octopus, crustaceans

Family Regalicidae -- oarfishes

Extremely elongated; can reach lengths up to 8 m
Align in vertical position in water column

Order Stephanoberyciformes - 9 families; 86 spp.; deepwater marine

Mainly deep-sea predators; toothless
Include gibberfishes, pricklefishes, and whalefishes

Order Beryciformes - 7 families; 123 spp.; near-shore, deepwater marine

Family Anomalopidae -- active at night over reefs

Lanternfishes
photoluminescent bacterial under eye

Family Holocentridae

Squirrelfishes
Slow growing and maturing

Order Zeiformes - 6 families; 39 spp.; deepwater, near-shore

Family Zeidae

Dories
Deep bodied, large mouths

Family Caproidae

boarfishes

Order Gasterosteiformes - 11 families; 257 spp.; inshore marine; freshwater

Family Gasterosteidae

Sticklebacks
Complex nest-building and courtship behaviors

Family Syngnathidae

Pipefishes, seahorses

Order Synbranchiformes - 3 families; 87 species; fresh and brackish waters Asia, Africa, Australia, SA, NA (introduced)

Converge on true eel (Anguilliformes) body form
Possess special respiratory structures
Invasive in South Florida

Order Dactylopteriformes - 1 family; 7 species; marine benthic

Family Dactylopteridae

Possess body armor, benthic lifestyle
Huge pectoral fins, used to "walk" on the bottom; startle predators
Hyomandibular involved in sound production, stridulatory organ

Order Scorpaeniformes - 25 families; 1264 spp; marine, freshwater

One of the largest teleost orders
Suborbital stay (bony process) on cheek
Most found at depths <100m,

Family Scorpaenidae

Rockfishes and scorpionfishes
Found mainly in Indian and Pacific oceans, some in Atlantic
Often possess toxic dorsal and anal spines
Diurnal, bottom oriented predators

Family Triglidae

Sea-robins
Specialized pectorals, first two or three spines; benthic feeders

Family Cottidae

Sculpins
Freshwater and inshore marine

Family Cyclopteridae

Lumpfishes
Pelvic fins modified into sucking disk, attach to bottom and floating objects
Temperate and Arctic waters of northern hemisphere
Prized as food fish, caviar

Family Liparidae

Snailfishes
Possess sucking disk modified from pelvic fins
Some species lay eggs in gill cavities of crustaceans

Slides:

Family Holocentridae - squirrel fish
Family Holocentridae - black bar soldierfish
Family Polymixiidae - beardfish
Family Caproidae - deepbody boarfish
Family Gasterosteidae - threespine stickleback
Family Aulostomidae - trumpetfish
Family Macrorhamphosidae - snipefish
Family Syngnathidae - pacific seahorse
Family Scorpaenidae - spinycheek scorpionfish
Family Scorpaenidae - gopher rockfish
Family Scorpaenidae - chilipepper
Family Scorpaenidae - vermilion rockfish
Family Scorpaenidae - china rockfish
Family Scorpaenidae - bocaccio
Family Scorpaenidae - yelloweye rockfish
Family Scorpaenidae - honeycomb rockfish
Family Triglidae - northern searobin
Family Hexagrammidae - greenling
Family Hexagrammidae - ling cod
Family Cottidae - coralline sculpin
Family Cottidae - silverspotted sculpin
Family Cottidae - banded sculpin
Family Cottidae - red irish lord
Family Cottidae - pacific staghorn sculpin
Family Cottidae - moustache sculpin
Family Agonidae - sturgeon poacher
Family Liparidae - showy snailfish

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Updated 08 April 1999, T. Turner